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Jamestown Polish craftsmen
The Polish craftsmen in the Jamestown Colony first arrived in 1609 with Captain John Smith to serve in essential industries in the New World. They are generally considered the first Polish and Slovak Americans.
==History==
The first Polish immigrants came to the Jamestown colony in 1608, twelve years before the Pilgrims arrived in Massachusetts.〔Richmond, ''From Da to Yes'', p. 72〕 These early settlers were brought as skilled artisans by the English soldier–adventurer Captain John Smith, and included a glass blower, a pitch and tar maker, a soap maker and a timberman.〔 English writer Richard Hakluyt wrote in 1586 that colonization would require "men skillful in burning of Sope ashes, and in making of Pitch and Tarre, and Rosen, to be fetched out of Prussia and Poland, which are thence to be had for small wages, being there in manner of slaves."〔 John Smith traveled from England to Poland in 1603 to find artisans for his voyage to America. There were six Polish men that traveled with him in 1603; their names were never known definitely until 1943, when historian Karol Wachtl searched through historical Polish pamphlets in war-torn France dating to the mid-1800s. Although it is not known what documents he used in his findings, his publication, "Polonia w Ameryce" was accurate in naming the settlers. In 1947, a purported historical memoir, "Pamiętnik handlowca" ("A Merchantilist's memoir") was rumored to have surfaced in the United States and to have confirmed the names of the settlers.〔Searching for Polish Jamestown Sources Arthur L. Waldo Polish American Studies Vol. 17, No. 3/4 (Jul. – Dec., 1960), pp. 105–114〕 The memoir was to have been written by Zbigniew Stefanski, a Pole who lived in the Jamestown colony with John Smith and later to have written his memoir in Amsterdam, Netherlands in 1625. The memoir was to have revealed much about the Jamestown colony, and to have detailed stories about how Polish settlers taught the pioneers how to dig wells for drinking water, fought a strike for their right to vote, and introduced the settlers to baseball.〔 No copy of the original text is known to exist.〔 Nonetheless, famed settlers known today include Michał Łowicki, Zbigniew Stefański, Jan Mata, and Stanisław Sadowski.〔〔〔〔〔〔〔Praca zbiorowa, "Polska informator", Interpress, Warszawa 1977〕 Stefanski's purported memoir changed the perception of Jamestown history; it is known from primary English sources that the Poles were hired as skilled artisans, but in Stefanski's memoir, the 6 men were to have been merchants (or at least trading officials) in Poland.〔Waldo. True Heroes of Jamestown. p. 210.〕 No mention of the religious background of the Polish settlers was made, and Historian James Pula suggests that the Poles were likely Protestant because contemporary English sources such as Richard Hakluyt's in 1584 explicitly said no Catholic artisans should be used because of "the special inclination they have of favor to the King of Spain"〔Waldo. The True Heroes of Jamestown. p. 135.〕 Captain John Smith noted that two craftsmen helped save his life during an Indian attack that occurred near the glasshouse.〔〔〔 (also noted in "Smith's own journals"). An excavation done in 1948–1949 found four Hessian crucibles and large quantities of "common green glass". The glass remains of window panes, bottles, and drinking jugs were found. The Glass House and the glass manufacturing industry was started and operated exclusively by the Polish workers.
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